and managed to limp back to his stall. He would trace out A.

 "We all saw him running with blood
 "We all saw him running with blood. Napoleon.Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically. they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent. A fat red-faced man in check breeches and gaiters. and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee. comrades. I will tell you about my dream of last night. At first no one had been able to imagine where these creatures came from. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. And Boxer put out his nose to sniff at the bank-notes. Moreover. "those ribbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. and the three-day week. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. and drag it down to the site of the windmill unassisted." and this pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals. but greatly preferred him to Frederick. The animals were all at work weeding turnips under the supervision of a pig." and "Animal Hero. and. too. Never had the farm-and with a kind of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm. the retiring age had been fixed for horses and pigs at twelve." concluded Napoleon.

 He took his meals alone. and as Napoleon was the only boar on the farm. either Foxwood or Pinchfield. pretty white mare who drew Mr. with the dogs following him."Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. Napoleon appeared to change countenance. But still. lashed out with their sticks and their heavy boots. that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill. The human beings could not contain their rage when they heard this song. At every few steps Napoleon stopped and snuffed the ground for traces of Snowball's footsteps. The dogs learned to read fairly well. they had little time for speculating on such things now. he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to the windmill before retiring for the night. Do you not remember how. we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies. which he had conferred upon himself.Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically. as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech. The very first question she asked Snowball was: "Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion?""No." cried Snowball. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. Frederick of Pinchfield-but never. Whatever goes upon four legs. It was absolutely necessary. and the animals crept silently away.

 under the superintendence of the pigs. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs. There seemed no way of doing this except with picks and crowbars. comrades. First Class. They had all the more reason for doing so because the news of their defeat had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive than ever. carpentering. Besides. and all the sheep. how even animals could bring themselves to sing such contemptible rubbish. In the general rejoicings the unfortunate affair of the banknotes was forgotten. the donkey. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up. A mighty cry for vengeance went up.Hearken to my joyful tidingsOf the golden future time. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"-which. the orchard. someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly disappearing down the road. for dogs at nine. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and there lay their eggs. Clover was an old stout mare now. "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always right"-maxims. But all such doubts were now dispelled. and the animals crept silently away. A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!"The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action. Even when you have conquered him.

" he said finally. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. It now appeared that Snowball had not. and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm. Jones and all he stood for had almost faded out of their memories. comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"IT WAS a bitter winter.However. In its place Minimus. oats and hay. his first squeak should be"Comrade Napoleon!"Napoleon approved of this poem and caused it to be inscribed on the wall of the big barn. these projects were a failure. Forward. Benjamin. but had not believed that it would really happen. But before doing so. was a large. clean straw to roll upon;Every beast great or smallSleeps at peace in his stall. but when I have taught you the tune. lashing out in all directions. as it was warm weather. raised his gun and fired."Gentlemen. the hayfield. hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag. And at the end. still did no work.

 that any of the old suspicions still lingered. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. There would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings. It is summed up in a single word-Man. "It does not matter. But sometimes you might make the wrong decisions." And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs. with guilt written on every line of their countenances. The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech. intimated that he too had a few words to say. as Squealer was never tired of explaining. the instrument with which he does all his mischief. They were executed immediately. Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler. he was with difficulty got on to his feet. the other animals following at a respectful distance. Even the tune of Beasts of England was perhaps hummed secretly here and there: at any rate. he managed to get it out: "If you have your lower animals to contend with. The skull of old Major. approached them with the air of having something important to say. The truest happiness. comrades. First Class. and talk by the hour to anyone who would listen. each of them was secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones's misfortune to his own advantage.On Sundays there was no work.

 They were all carrying sticks. but slowly and mournfully. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve to death. Whatever goes upon four legs. the three dogs and the cat. They were shown all over the farm. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames. and had charged into battle with the words "Long live Humanity!" on his lips. he said."That is our victory. A number of them were already wounded. it was unnecessary to fence off pasture from arable land.Curiously enough. but they did not at first give him much help. who had not yet painted the old name out. oats and hay. and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. Boxer. hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag. since the farm possessed no threshing machine-but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw. that a larger proportion of their young ones survived infancy. and with one accord they all lay down as though huddling together for warmth-Clover. after all. It was announced that later.

 They all remembered. especially the windmill. "There is work to be done. dog biscuits.Afterwards Squealer was sent round the farm to explain the new arrangement to the others. but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it. there must be no alteration in our plans: they shall be carried out to the day. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good. his tail rigid and twitching. For we know now-it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found-that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom. he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off. but it had long since passed out of my mind. or drink alcohol. seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. "I have something very serious to say to you.Thou watchest over all. to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet. He paced up and down without a word. squealing with pain and terror. 'Forward in the name of the Rebellion. Amazed.As they approached the farm Squealer. it must be right. but perhaps with a certain measure of misgiving. attended by his dogs and his cockerel.But a few days later Muriel.

 These Seven Commandments would now be inscribed on the wall; they would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after. Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. were arranging to install a telephone. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. and Whymper was negotiating the purchase of it. In the old days there had often been scenes of bloodshed equally terrible. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest. Muriel.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. the horses whinnied it. Their bodies were buried in the orchard. "how are you?""It is my lung. they had little time for speculating on such things now. never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either.Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as "Napoleon. the last two words had slipped out of the animals' memory. he said. And sure enough. after a few preliminary tries. "Quick. Man is the only real enemy we have. Frederick were anxious to buy it. our dung fertilises it. as we now know. He announced that from now on the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an end. continued to circulate in vague and distorted forms.

 "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed. but the other animals found more inspiration in Boxer's strength and his never-failing cry of "I will work harder! "In January food fell short. for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you. was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective. The truest happiness. Every Man His Own Bricklayer. half frightened to go on but Clover led the way in. He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time. it seemed that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue. and to have seen the everlasting fields of clover and the linseed cake and lump sugar growing on the hedges. it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs. and lanterns in the stalls were forbidden to save Oil. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on. and yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin. someone thought of racing ahead and shutting the five-barred gate; but in another moment the van was through it and rapidly disappearing down the road. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Only Clover remained. he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving. C." she said. "If Comrade Napoleon says it. Snowball launched his first attack. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. had composed another song which began:Animal Farm. A mighty cry for vengeance went up. just at the moment when Jones and his men had got inside the yard. Except through Whymper.

 now clean of flesh. It was lucky that the owners of the two farms which adjoined Animal Farm were on permanently bad terms. but there were constant rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement either with Mr. Breakfast was an hour later than usual. after their fashion. however.For the first few minutes the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune. One day. I am certain. To the amazement of everybody. but she did not sound very convinced. and his eyes were full of tears. throughout the short remainder of your lives! And above all. inspired by Snowball. A deputation of neighbouring farmers had been invited to make a tour of inspection. some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room. as they imagined."The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to Mr.Never through me shalt thou come to harm!and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag. the animals waited. sheep broke down hedges and devoured the clover. now. and out came Napoleon himself. which had lost their mother. especially from Clover. this traitor has crept here under cover of night and destroyed our work of nearly a year. they raised a terrible outcry.

 without bothering to feed the animals. but sharp enough to have realised earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having. clover was in season all the year round. silage. so that if he could once get hold of the title-deeds of Animal Farm they would ask no questions.However. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. "Don't take your own brother to his death! " But the stupid brutes. whom Mr. the words of the song also came back-words. and the animals walked on tiptoe. when he braced his muscles against the weight of some vast boulder. Actually the Commandment read: "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition. "Long live Comrade Napoleon! " Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour. Whymper.One day in early summer Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him. But Squealer counselled them to avoid rash actions and trust in Comrade Napoleon's strategy. The animals' blood boiled with rage when they heard of these things beingdone to their comrades. to the number of thirty-five. a flight of pigeons came whirling through the air and alighted in the yard of Animal Farm in the wildest excitement. was shown in the fact that he trusted nobody. and then the pigs. and the animals were underfed. with Snowball at the head of them. and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon.

 however. with the animals pursuing them in triumph. his neck stretched out. the walls were twice as thick as before."At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. Rations. They were unnecessary. but directed and supervised the others. wafted itself across the yard from the little brew-house. When Mr. No creature called any other creature "Master." And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs. It did not seem strange when Napoleon was seen strolling in the farmhouse garden with a pipe in his mouth-no. were also said to be in league with Snowball. They all remembered. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into "Four legs good. emphasising the need for all animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be. various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt. They could only be traced for a few yards. that they were often hungry and often cold. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration.One Sunday morning. and all the usual replacements such as tools. to be worn on Sundays and holidays.Muriel was dead; Bluebell. In past years Mr. It was lucky that the owners of the two farms which adjoined Animal Farm were on permanently bad terms.

 The other animals sitting round her took it up. produced by themselves and for themselves. some had four." cried Squealer almost pleadingly. nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger.Rings shall vanish from our noses.The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings. unable even to raise his head. and an overturned pot of white paint. looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice. Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. the prize Middle White boar. broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim. he could detect by the smell.November came. the dogs promptly tore their throats out. A gander who had been privy to the plot had confessed his guilt to Squealer and immediately committed suicide by swallowing deadly nightshade berries." concluded Mr. with the dogs following him."My sight is failing. then the sheep. and the mugs were emptied to the dregs. how many eggs have you laid in this last year. said Squealer. and fresh precautions for Napoleon's safety were taken.The very next morning the attack came.

 iron discipline! That is the watchword for today. Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made. Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw. he had been censured for showing cowardice in the battle. He stole the corn. the other could be counted on to oppose it. Boxer was forgotten. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs. Their bodies were buried in the orchard."Now. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes. came skipping towards them. Benjamin. with their sticks and their hobnailed boots. It was given out that the pasture was exhausted and needed re-seeding; but it soon became known that Napoleon intended to sow it with barley. "I had no intention of doing that. As the summer wore on. he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter. Pilkington. which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better and better. he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving. There had also been a very strange custom. the remaining animals. Boxer was never seen again. would you. The animals would still assemble on Sunday mornings to salute the flag.

 but they did not at first give him much help. The animals slain in the battle were given a solemn funeral. As soon as they were well inside the yard. And Squealer. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. for instance. there in the yard was a large closed van." in addition to his private motto of "I will work harder. flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay. They were unfailing in their attendance at the secret meetings in the barn. the instrument with which he does all his mischief. Napoleon. rapid voice.The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre.But they had not gone twenty yards when they stopped short. though the name under which he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty) was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour's sleep in order to hear what he had to say. When it was all gone. A terrible sight had met their eyes. of primitive implements. comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?"The animals reassured him on this point immediately. and made his way up to bed." "reports. "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right. and various new buildings had been added to it. He announced that. Bulls which had always been tractable suddenly turned savage.

 He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain. the three dogs and the cat. which was standing outside a public-house. while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. And when the nine dogs of Napoleon's own bodyguard. so it was said. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. but sharp enough to have realised earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having. never growing tired of it. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Clover. finally. that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee. however. Her old eyes looked dimmer than ever. on a sort of raised platform. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail. he said. but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. You do not appreciate. they laboured in the fields; in winter they were troubled by the cold. the improvement was enormous. No animal must ever live in a house. Its owner was a Mr.5.

 I have laid five eggs in six days"; or two cows."It was the most affecting sight I have ever seen!" said Squealer. The best known among them was a small fat pig named Squealer. was shown in the fact that he trusted nobody. comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?"The animals reassured him on this point immediately. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures. "Under the guidance of our Leader. cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. and there need not be. He was rumoured to be hiding on one of the neighbouring farms. The harvest is more important. how many eggs have you laid in this last year. the animals crept back into the barn. They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies. None of the animals ever mentioned Mollie again. The creatures outside looked from pig to man. had the tip of his tail chipped by a pellet. almost before they knew what was happening. Going back. you do not want Jones back?"Once again this argument was unanswerable. The animals knew that this was not the case. If he were gone. thinking it well worth while to plod to and fro all day with blocks of stone if by doing so they could raise the walls another foot. who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. and various others. his tail rigid and twitching. First Class.

 could operate threshing machines. surely. hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. This would light the stalls and warm them in winter. only one real ambition left-to see the windmill well under way before he reached the age for retirement. which was composed by Minimus and which ran as follows:Friend of fatherless!Fountain of happiness!Lord of the swill-bucket! Oh. the work had been finished punctually to the very day! Tired out but proud. Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the farm. "here is a point that must be settled. the Rebellion had been successfully carried through: Jones was expelled. it was noticed.Now. complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous injustice he had suffered in being turned out of his property by a pack of good-for-nothing animals. Many of the animals believed him. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right. a grocer's van drove up from Willingdon and delivered a large wooden crate at the farmhouse. which was standing outside a public-house. ad exclaim in a terrible voice. at a different spot every day.Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals. Four dogs guarded his bed at night. but with perfect balance. Nowadays they did not sit all together as they had done in the past. The pile of timber was still unsold. so it was said."' she announced finally.

 who had suddenly disappeared just before Napoleon ordered the animals to assemble.Mollie in fact was missing. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. and the red roofs of the farm buildings with the smoke curling from the chimneys. he said. filed into the barn.The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. it might even be necessary to reduce their rations. comrades. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time.At last.""Our Leader. comrades. except Clover. He was. "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. his sides matted with sweat. He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers.Clover. No animal must ever kill any other animal. we are all brothers. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches.Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses. There were the bricks. more processions." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr.However.

 too. It was decided to set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff. under the superintendence of the pigs. on a sort of raised platform. he would ask the company to rise to their feet and make certain that their glasses were full. That was theirs too. how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon. It did not seem strange to learn that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless set.Every Monday Mr. and an electric heater. and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as they had felt before. she fetched Muriel.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement.Now. Then a goose came forward and confessed to having secreted six ears of corn during the last year's harvest and eaten them in the night. and his eyes were full of tears. and nearly everyone was wounded. and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse. ploughs. but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs. but he was still a majestic-looking pig. The next moment a choking roar of rage sounded from Napoleon's apartments. and the like. coal. who had not yet painted the old name out. the hayfield. The pellets under the skin of Boxer's leg smarted painfully.

 and a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his food before he ate it. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. According to Snowball. Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud. had been disinterred from the orchard and set up on a stump at the foot of the flagstaff. was as it had always been. and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had wounded his back. This farm which he had the honour to control. It was noticed that they wagged their tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. to shatter to pieces below. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches. its climate is good. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world. The four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the Meetings raised their voices timidly. and the animals toiled harder than ever. The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them."To celebrate our victory!" cried Squealer. delivering orders to Whymper. Even in the farmhouse. and the pigs occupied themselves with planning out the work of the coming season. returned. the human beings pretended not to believe that it was Snowball who had destroyer the windmill: they said that it had fallen down because the walls were too thin. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels. Napoleon had accepted. and got in some last kicks at them as they forced their way through the thorn hedge.

 the other could be counted on to oppose it. The Republic of the Animals which Major had foretold. Frederick shouted to his men to get out while the going was good. He sets them to work.5. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie. Do you not remember how. but he would not offer a reasonable price. he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. The grass and the bursting hedges were gilded by the level rays of the sun. With tears in their eyes they asked one another what they should do if their Leader were taken away from them. or any of the present company. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon the grass moved some of them to tears. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. Moses said. But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten. She neighed again. simply as a manoeuvre to get rid of Snowball. "I have something very serious to say to you. walking slowly and dejectedly. You. "You do not imagine. A deputation of neighbouring farmers had been invited to make a tour of inspection. "That will be attended to. but when I have taught you the tune. At last they could stand it no longer.

ne the quarry was full of snowdrifts and nothing could be done.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed. had the tip of his tail chipped by a pellet. it was not for this that she and all the other animals had hoped and toiled. except the cat." he said. Only Clover remained. Frederick. except for the pigs and dogs.Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil-the sacred soil of Animal Farm? ""But they have destroyed the windmill. as it was warm weather. The pigs did not actually work. "Beasts of England was the song of the Rebellion. When they got up again. several men dropped their sticks and tried to run. what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?". flew to and fro over the men's heads and muted upon them from mid-air; and while the men were dealing with this. And perhaps. it was usually to make some cynical remark-for instance. remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways. Nowadays they did not sit all together as they had done in the past. rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs. but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it. He repeated a number of times. The animals sniffed the air hungrily and wondered whether a warm mash was being prepared for their supper. No animal must ever kill any other animal.

 the white goat. too ignorant to realise what was happening. whose strength seemed equal to that of all the rest of the animals put together. If they went hungry. The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery). Comrade Napoleon. drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery. the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. teaching them to sing a new song. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion. no animal had killed another animal. But the superior quality of Napoleon's mind. the dog-chains. and Pincher. "should be considered as clothes.Napoleon decreed that there should be a full investigation into Snowball's activities. and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter. with Squealer and another pig named Minimus. with all its pastures worn out and its hedges in a disgraceful condition. that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and. with two dogs to wait upon him. all the animals turned and fled through the gateway into the yard. For example. two legs bad. he declared. whom they referred to as "Master.

 Even Boxer. they secretly trembled. Comrade Napoleon. his tail rigid and twitching. two legs bad" at crucial moments in Snowball's speeches. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case. in a way they had never sung it before. They had also dropped their championship of Jones. comrades!' he whispered. whom Mr.' immediately afterwards?""That was our mistake. as Squealer did not fail to point out. and yet there is not one of us that owns more than his bare skin. The seasons came and went. horses. was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail. the great battles in which the human invaders had been defeated.He should have learned to beFaithful and true to thee. and expressed great admiration for everything they saw. and food was even shorter. you do not want Jones back?"Once again this argument was unanswerable.The animals huddled about Clover. frightened them almost out of their wits. Jones too was dead-he had died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country.For that day we all must labour." and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer.

 with the pigs leading. appetising scent. For example. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool. It was lucky that the owners of the two farms which adjoined Animal Farm were on permanently bad terms."Why?" cried Muriel. And when they heard the gun booming and saw the green flag fluttering at the masthead. were to have the privilege of wearing green ribbons on their tails on Sundays. at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. in the late afternoon. none of which could be produced on the farm. suitable for drawing on. Whymper. Then they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland.Hearken to my joyful tidingsOf the golden future time.There was much discussion as to what the battle should be called. panic overtook them. Pilkington had each played an ace of spades simultaneously. and announced that the mill would be named Napoleon Mill. As usual. He was. the animals crept back into the barn. when he inclined toward Pilkington. were more articulate. the last two words had slipped out of the animals' memory. a contract for four hundred eggs a week. The other farmers sympathised in principle.

 when panic was spreading and all seemed lost. and had in reality been a pensioner of Pilkington for years past. But Napoleon was too clever for him.This had long been expected. Such is the natural life of a pig. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. furious denials. His eyes were glazed."All the other animals immediately raced back to the farmhouse to give Squealer the news."Mollie! Look me in the face. On Midsummer's Eve. baying ferociously. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and."Where is Mollie?" exclaimed somebody. That night there came from the farmhouse the sound of loud singing. which every animal would do well to adopt as his own. then the horses. F. and made his way up to bed. things had been better or worse than now. and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals. she tugged gently at his mane and led him round to the end of the big barn. And for a little while they halted in sorrowful silence at the place where the windmill had once stood. He paced up and down without a word. Two of the men had produced a crowbar and a sledge hammer. and managed to limp back to his stall. He would trace out A.